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The vaginal microbiome as a predictor for outcome of in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective study
Our results indicate that vaginal microbiome profiling using the IS-pro technique enables stratification of the chance of becoming pregnant prior to the start of an IVF or IVF-ICSI treatment. Knowledge of their vaginal microbiota may enable couples to make a more balanced decision regarding timing and continuation of their IVF or IVF-ICSI treatment cycles.
Impact of male factor infertility on offspring health and development
With the rapid expansion of use of ICSI for non-male factors, sufficiently large studies that compare outcomes between groups conceived with this technique for male factors versus non-male factors will provide critical evidence to elucidate the intergenerational impact of male infertility.
Blastomere cleavage plane orientation and the tetrahedral formation are associated with increased probability of a good-quality blastocyst for cryopre
Cleavage plane orientation during the first three divisions appeared to dictate final blastomere spatial arrangement. The TET formation at the four-cell stage was predictive for embryos most likely to develop into good-quality blastocysts for cryopreservation/transfer. Morphokinetic markers of embryo potential were significantly different between TET and nTET embryos.
Pre-pregnancy fast food and fruit intake is associated with time to pregnancy
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS. These findings underscore the importance of considering preconception diet for fecundity outcomes and preconception guidance. Further research is needed assessing a broader range of foods and food groups in the preconception period.
Instructions for Assembling the Early Mammalian Embryo
Work over the last decade has revealed some key morphogenetic mechanisms that drive early development, yielding rudimentary instructions for the generation of a mammalian embryo. Here, we review the instructions revealed thus far, and then discuss remaining challenges to discover upstream factors controlling cell fate determination, test the role of mechanisms based on biological noise, and take advantage of recent technological developments to a
Evaluation and improvement of the novel method for vitrification of a few human sperms
Conclusions
The spermVD device was one of the effective platforms for freezing a few human sperms and using PICSI dish to select mature neat sperms could improve the quality of sperm after thawing. Density gradient centrifugation might be not required or suitable sperm preparation methods before freezing.
Single women and lesbians closer to being allowed IVF in France
Paris: The French government is drafting legislation to give single women and lesbian couples access to in-vitro fertilization and related procedures in France instead of having to seek it abroad. French law currently restricts assisted reproduction to infertile heterosexual couples.
A Novel Solution for Freezing Small Numbers of Human Sperm [RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT TO BE USED FOR DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES.]
Optimal preservation of male fertility potentional,Minimal post-thaw sperm loss, Reduction of surgical intervention, Ease of use
Ease of storage, Ease of sperm retrieval
Figure 1. Blastomere spatial arrangement. Images of successive cleavages leading to formation of four-cell embryos with TET, nTET, and nTETp tetrafoli
FROM:Desai, Nina et al. (2019). Blastomere cleavage plane orientation and the tetrahedral formation are associated with increased probability of a good-quality blastocyst for cryopreservation or transfer: a time-lapse study. Fertility and Sterility, Volume 111, Issue 6, 1159 - 1168.e1
Does the spatial arrangement of the 4-cell human embryo influence its prognosis?
Summary
How the human embryo cleaves from the 1 cell to the 4 cell stage does influence its morphology but maybe not its implantation potential.
Comment
Any one, be they scientists, clinicians or clients, who looks at a 4-cell human embryo can tell a good embryo from a poor embryo by its uniformity of blastomere size, their arrangement and the degree of fragmentation. Embryologists, on the other hand, should understand the dynamics of the cell division process that leads to the 4-cells appearance. The authors have described the 4-cell embryo at around 44 hours post insemination as exhibiting one of three spatial arrangements depending on how the pronuclear embryo initially divides and then how each of the daughter cells divide.|The three arrangement were a tetrahedral (TET) and nontetrahedral (nTET) and a subgroup of nTET called tetrafoliate cloverleaf (nTETp).|Essentially TET ( the better form) has 3 blastomeres on the one plane and last at the apex of a tetrahedron, the nTETp (the poorest) has all four blastomeres on the same plane (like a 4 leaf clover) and nTET every other form but essentially where two blastomeres are on one plane and the remaining on the opposite plane. They then looked at the pregnancy potential of each arrangement and how the type of cell division either meridional or equatorial may describe the arrangement.|Initially the authors followed the fate of each embryo to a SET (single embryo transfer), cryopreservation or neither. The TET arrangement of the 4 blastomeres were associated with better embryo grading, rates of cleavage consistent with the best prognosis embryos from their own and other published criteria (e.g. time to compaction or blastocyst expansion etc.), better suitability for cryopreservation and less likelihood to be discarded. They were also less embryo dysmorphisms such as multinucleation). So, by any of the above measures, TET embryos would be expected to generate a higher pregnancy rate than nTET and nTETp embryos.|It was therefore disappointing that the pregnancy rate and live birth rate was the same. Even the nTETp embryos (the flat cloverleaf profile) that other publications had identified as having a very poor prognosis, in this study had similar outcomes. Maybe the outcomes may differ when the cryopreserved embryos have been thawed and transferred but this is unlikely. Even so, if a clinic was performing 2 day transferring of 4 cell embryos, selecting an embryo(s) with TET blastomere arrangements may still give you an edge over time since these appear to be the ‘more normal’ option.|The authors then looked at the nature of the 3 cell divisions that take a pronuclear embryo to a 4-cell embryo. After the initial division, one daughter blastomere cleaves slightly before the other daughter blastomere. The key element here is the concept, based largely on other species, is that the cytoplasm of the oocyte is graded from the animal pole (AP) where the polar body is extruded and the opposite or vegetal pole (VP). Division can be with meridonal (called ‘M’ longitudinal cleavage where each daughter blastomere contains the same proportion of AP to VP cytoplasm) or equatorial (called ‘E’ or trans-sectional cleavage where each daughter blastomere contains either AP or VP cytoplasm). Since the two daughter cells then divide at slightly different times (i.e. there is a short 3-cell phase), the same options for division can then occur in each blastomere.|Why is this important? In other mammals (such as the mouse), the cytoplasm varies between the animal and the vegetal pole. In these species, the differentiation of cells into ICM and trophectoderm is linked to their cytoplasmic origins. The data is less clear in the human and time-lapse imagery allows the careful observer to identify the direction of cleavage. It may be important in how the embryo forms a blastocyst and later differentiation after implantation. TET embryos displayed the preferred sequence of cell divisions I.e. MMM , MEM or MME while nTET were derived for MEE or EMM, etc . The fact that TET (better quality) differed in the nature of cytoplasmic division to nTET (lesser quality) is a further argument that TET embryos may be the preferred embryo for transfer regardless of other observations for more theoretical reasons. It may well be that TET embryos lead to children with less complications and better fertility.|While human embryos may appear to have divested themselves of clear cytoplasmic polarity, it hardly seems likely. Using TET arrangement as a primary discriminator for embryo selection has many attractive points. Clinics may benefit from including this discriminator in their embryo descriptions and guidelines for embryo selection for embryo transfer. Clinics should appreciate there is considerable blastomere fluidity and these arrangements may appear transient making it harder to use as suggested above. Finally, if the 4 cell arrangement is shown in future studies to have some impact on childhood wellbeing (not that the authors have suggested it), does the clinics using time-lapse imagery have an obligation (legal or otherwise), to store this information well into the child's future?|
IVF Training - Questions relating to mailout links -
Open Challenge and complete Questions
Question
Type
Options
How many schematic arrangements of blastomeres can a 4 cell embryo display
1
5
How many blastomeres lie on the same plane with a tetrahedral arrangement
1
4
How many blastomeres lie on the same plane with a cloverleaf arrangement
1
4
In this paper, the author use the following term to describe a tetrahedral arrangement
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3
In this paper, the author use the following term to describe a embryo that does not display a tetrahedral arrangement
1
3
In this paper, the author use the following term to describe a embryo that does displays a cloverleaf arrangement
1
3
In this paper, the authors report the difference in the pregnancy rate between TET and nTET embryos was
1
5
In this paper, the authors report the difference in the incidence in embryos suitable for cryopreservation between TET and nTET embryos was
1
5
In this paper, the authors report the difference in the incidence in embryos unsuitable for transfer or cryopreservation between TET and nTET embryos was
1
5
There is a general view that mammalian oocytes display a regional difference in the cytoplasm called the animal-vegetal axis. The animal pole is located
1
2
There is a general view that mammalian oocytes display a regional difference in the cytoplasm called the animal-vegetal axis. The vegetal pole is located
1
2
Following the time-lapse sequence, the authors noted the first cleavage division was meridonal in what percentage of embryos?
1
5
A meridonal first cleavage would mean the each blastomere would contain what mixture of animal and vegetal cytoplasm?
1
2
A meridonal cleavage [labelled M] bisects the pronuclear or blastoemere along animal-vegetal axis
1
2
An equatorial cleavage [labelled E] bisects the pronuclear or blastoemere at 90 degrees to the animal-vegetal axis.
1
2
If each of the three cell divisions involved in the progression of a pronuclear embryo to a 4-cell embryo was assessed by time-lapse imagery, what combinations for TET embryos were reported by the authors.
2
8
If each of the three cell divisions involved in the progression of a pronuclear embryo to a 4-cell embryo was assessed by time-lapse imagery, what combinations for nTET embryos were reported by the authors.
2
8
In summary, which of the following options are true or more likely to be true.
2
10
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