Comment:Articles in Aneupolidy & Aging, an interesting article on endometrial failure to identify poor embryos, and an article on how semen effects the female brain!!
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Meiotic Origins of Maternal Age-Related Aneuploidy1
It is known that aneuploidy of meiotic origin increases dramatically as women age, and current evidence suggests that most errors occur in meiosis I. Several hypotheses regarding the cause of maternal age-related aneuploidy have been proposed, including recombination errors in early meiosis, a defective spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I, and deterioration of sister chromatid cohesion with age.
Effect of Aging on Superovulation Efficiency, Aneuploidy Rates, and Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Mice Aged Up to 15 Months1
However, the association between aneuploidy and interkinetochore distance was not observed at the oldest, 15-mo age, despite such measurements being maximal. We conclude that in aging CD1 mice, a reduction in the ovulated egg number precedes a rise in aneuploidy and, furthermore, except at very advanced ages, increased interkinetochore distance is associated with aneuploidy.
Here, we summarize what is currently known about human pre-implantation embryo development and highlight how further studies of human pre-implantation embryos can be used to improve ART and to fully harness the potential of hESCs for therapeutic goals.
Live Imaging Reveals the Link Between Decreased Glucose Uptake in Ovarian Cumulus Cells and Impaired Oocyte Quality in Female Diabetic Mice
By tracking the ATP content and spindle/chromosome status in individual oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells with differing glucose uptake activity, we reveal that compromised oocyte quality in diabetic mice is linked to decreased glucose uptake in cumulus cells.
Oxygen Regulates Amino Acid Turnover and Carbohydrate Uptake During the Preimplantation Period of Mouse Embryo Development
These metabolic changes correlated with developmental compromise because embryos grown in atmospheric oxygen at all stages showed significantly lower blastocyst formation and proliferation. These findings confirm the need to consider both embryo development and metabolism in establishing optimal human embryo growth conditions and prognostic markers of viability, and further highlight the impact of oxygen on such vital parameters.
Blastomere Removal from Cleavage-Stage Mouse Embryos Alters Steroid Metabolism During Pregnancy
The data demonstrate that blastomere biopsy deregulates steroid metabolism during pregnancy. This may have profound effects on several aspects of fetal development, of which low birth weight is only one. If a similar phenomenon occurs in humans, it may explain low birth weights associated with PGD/ART and provide a plausible target for improving PGD outcomes.
Equine Cloning: In Vitro and In Vivo Development of Aggregated Embryos1
Early pregnancy rates were higher using blastocysts derived from aggregated embryos, and advanced pregnancies as live healthy foals also resulted from aggregated embryos. These results indicate that the strategy of aggregating embryos can improve their development, supporting the establishment of equine cloned pregnancies.
In this month's issue of Biology of Reproduction, an article by Salvetti et al. [1] describes the effects of prenatal androgen exposure on ovarian follicular characteristics throughout the fetal, prepubertal, and postpubertal ovarian lifespan
Maternally recruited Aurora C kinase is more stable than Aurora B to support mouse oocyte maturation and early development
Aurora kinases are highly conserved, essential regulators of cell division. Two Aurora kinase isoforms, A and B (AURKA and AURKB), are expressed ubiquitously in mammals, whereas a third isoform, Aurora C (AURKC), is largely restricted to germ cells. Because AURKC is very similar to AURKB, based on sequence and functional analyses, why germ cells express AURKC is unclear.
Super-fertility offers clue to recurrent miscarriage
"Super-fertility" may explain why some women have multiple miscarriages, according to a team of doctors. They say the wombs of some women are too good at letting embryos implant, even those of poor quality which should be rejected.
Endometrial Stromal Cells of Women with Recurrent Miscarriage Fail to Discriminate between High- and Low-Quality Human Embryos
H-EnSCs of fertile women discriminate between high- and low-quality embryos whereas H-EnSCs of women with RM fail to do so. H-EnSCs of RM women have a higher migratory response to trophoblast spheroids. Future studies will focus on the mechanisms by which low-quality embryos inhibit the migration of H-EnSCs and how this is deregulated in women with RM.
A component in seminal fluid elicits an ovulatory response and has been discovered in every species examined thus far. The existence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma has broad implications and evokes questions about identity, tissue sources, mechanism of action, role among species, and clinical relevance in infertility.
Human spermatozoa migration in microchannels reveals boundary-following navigation
The migratory abilities of motile human spermatozoa in vivo are essential for natural fertility, but it remains a mystery what properties distinguish the tens of cells which find an egg from the millions of cells ejaculated. To reach the site of fertilization, sperm must traverse narrow and convoluted channels, filled with viscous fluids.
Calcium influx-mediated signaling is required for complete mouse egg activation
Mammalian fertilization is accompanied by oscillations in egg cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) concentrations that are critical for completion of egg activation. These oscillations are initiated by Ca2+ release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive intracellular stores. We tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane was a requisite component of egg activation signaling, and not simply a Ca2+ source for store repletion.
Prevention of maternal aging-associated oocyte aneuploidy and meiotic spindle defects in mice by dietary and genetic strategies
Here we report that adult female mice maintained under 40% caloric restriction (CR) did not exhibit aging-related increases in oocyte aneuploidy, chromosomal misalignment on the metaphase plate, meiotic spindle abnormalities, or mitochondrial dysfunction (aggregation, impaired ATP production), all of which occurred in oocytes of age-matched ad libitum-fed controls.
Sex and the Female Brain: Protein in Semen Acts On Female Brain to Prompt Ovulation
An international team of scientists led by Gregg Adams at the University of Saskatchewan has discovered that a protein in semen acts on the female brain to prompt ovulation, and is the same molecule that regulates the growth, maintenance, and survival of nerve cells.
An updated survey: the use of progesterone for luteal phase support.
The aim of this survey was to study the current clinical practice for luteal phase support in stimulated ART cycles. It is undisputed that progesterone is needed to support the luteal phase. However, at present there are several progesterone preparations available: vaginal, IM, and oral.
Smoking in Pregnancy Increases Asthma Risk in Preschool
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with wheeze and asthma in preschool children, even among children who were not exposed to maternal smoking late in pregnancy or after birth, according to a new study
Survey:Blastocyst Vitrification [This link may be from a sponsor]
Comment:Many clinics routinely vitrify blastocysts but there is little information on how often the cavity is collapsed before vitrification and hatched after warming. This quick survey seeks to find out how common these techniques are.
2012 IVF Laboratory Census [This link may be from a sponsor]
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CDP011-Osmolality of culture media [This link may be from a sponsor]
Osmolality is a measure of the pressure exerted by dissolved substances in a solution. Cells in solutions like the fluid of their in vivo environment or in culture media are subject to osmotic pressure. Cells, including embryos, control their sizes by adjusting their intracellular osmotic pressure. This module describes the importance of osmolality and cell volume regulation in embryo culture and viability. On completion, there should be an appre
Cover image: Pictured is a mouse blastocyst with abnormally segregating chromosomes, with the spindles shown in green and chromosomes in blue.
Karen Schindler et al. found that mice lacking Aurora kinase C, a cell-cycle regulator primarily expressed in germ cells, were less fertile than normal mice. The study suggests that Aurora kinase C has greater protein stability and mRNA recruitment than Aurora kinase B during mouse oocyte maturation and early development, allowing it to compensate for the loss of Aurora kinase B.
In-line filter for cylinder and house gasses
O2, N2, CO2, and tri-gas. Aire~LifeLine provides in-line air filtration with top of the line protection, delivering a better and more consistent yield of cylinder and house gasses for a wide range of med
Vit Kit - Warm NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the thawing of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Unlike many vitrification kits that feature a mono-buffered system and M199 base med
Vit Kit - Freeze NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the vitrification of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Vit Kit - Freeze NX is the latest advancement in vitrification media aimed t
S-Cryolock is the slimmer version of the original. It is a versatile, simple and efficient vitrification device that is intended for the holding, cryopreservation and storage of oocytes or embryos in liquid nitrogen.
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