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Comprehensive analysis of soluble RNAs in human embryo culture media and blastocoel fluid
Conclusions: Our findings question the use of miRNAs as a reliable biomarker and highlight the need for a critical methodological approach in miRNA studies. Interestingly, tiRNA fragments appear to be overexpressed in conditioned IVF media samples and could potentially be a novel biomarker worthy of investigation.
Doing more with less: The flagellar end piece enhances the propulsive effectiveness of human spermatozoa
Through elastohydrodynamic modeling of humanlike sperm we show that an inactive distal region confers significant advantages, in both propulsive thrust and swimming efficiency, when compared with a fully active flagellum of the same total length
Ovarian Rejuvenation Through Platelet-Rich Autologous Plasma (PRP)-a Chance to Have a Baby Without Donor Eggs, Improving the Life Quality of Women Suf
After PRP treatment, women were tested with several criteria for 12 months. We saw a significant improvement in hormone levels: six healthy babies were born, ten pregnancies were achieved, and four out of the ten were from natural conception.
Intraovarian vascular enhancement via stromal injection of platelet-derived growth factors: Exploring subsequent oocyte chromosomal status and in vitr
We propose a mechanism to support intrastromal angiogenesis, improved follicular perfusion, and, crucially, embryo ploidy rescue. This last effect may be explained by mRNA upregulation coordinated by PRP-associated molecular signaling, as in other tissue systems. Additionally, we outline an intraovarian injection technique for platelet-derived growth factors and present this method to help minimize reliance on donor oocytes and conventional hormo
Calcium is an essential ion which regulates sperm motility, capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR), three processes necessary for successful fertilization. The AR enables the spermatozoon to penetrate into the egg. In order to undergo the AR, the spermatozoon must reside in the female reproductive tract for several hours, during which a series of biochemical transformations takes place, collectively called capacitation.
Phospholipase C zeta profiles are indicative of optimal sperm parameters and fertilisation success in patients undergoing fertility treatment
PLCz potentially represents a biomarker of sperm health, and fertilisation capacity in general cases of patients seeking fertility treatment, and not just cases of repeated fertilisation. Further focused investigations are required with larger cohorts to examine the full clinical potential of PLCz.
Increasing associations between defects in phospholipase C zeta and conditions of male infertility: not just ICSI failure?
Defective PLCz and abnormal patterns of Ca2+ release are increasingly suspected a significant causative factor underlying abnormalities or insufficiencies in Ca2+ oscillation-driven early embryogenic events
Characterization and functional roles of paternal RNAs in 2–4 cell bovine embryos
This study uncovers an association of male fertility with developmentally impactful RNAs in 2–4 cell embryos. This study also provides an initial characterization of paternally-contributed RNAs to pre-EGA embryos. Furthermore, a subset of 2–4 cell embryo-specific RNAs was identified.
Using a Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Biochip Enhanced Fertilization of Mouse Embryo in Vitro
We discuss the requirement of sperm in a DEP microfluidic chip at varied concentrations to enhance the future rate of fertilization in vitro for an oligozoospermia patient. The result indicates that the rate of fertility in our device is 17.2 ± 7.5% (n = 30) at about 3000 sperms, compatible with traditional droplet-based IVF, which is 14.2 ± 7.5% (n = 28).
COVID-19 and human spermatozoa - potential risks for infertility and sexual transmission
The purpose of this communication is to highlight the evidence that the male reproductive system, particularly spermatozoa, constitute another vulnerable target, raising the possibility that COVID-19 might ultimately induce male infertility and/or facilitate the sexual transmission of this virus, depending on the level of infection.
SARS-CoV-2 and human reproduction: An open question
SARS-CoV-2 is believed to become a long-term problem. This being so, fertility and ART treatments are resuming in a climate of uncertainty and without crystal clear information about the safety of male and female gametes.
scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli
The results indicate that ACE2 is predominantly enriched in spermatogonia and Leydig and Sertoli cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicates that Gene Ontology (GO) categories associated with viral reproduction and transmission are highly enriched in ACE2-positive spermatogonia, while male gamete generation related terms are downregulated
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study
A mild COVID-19 infection is not likely to affect testis and epididymis function, whereas semen parameters did seem impaired after a moderate infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA could not be detected in semen of recovered and acute COVID-19-positive men. This suggests no viral transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproductive techniques, although further data need to be obtained.
How to Keep Gametes and Embryos from Environmental Harm
International IVF Initiative. Yhe germline and the environment"
Patricia Ann Hunt, USA , David Mortimer "Sperm on Drugs - Its's not just about ROS and DNA fragmentation." and Linda C Giudice "Is the climate crisis affecting Reproductive Health?"
Video Links / [Posted:3/8/2020] / [Source:youtu.be] Viewed: 783
Comments Linked to this Mailout
Title
Abstract- Protein kinases in mammalian sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction
Summary
Comment
Breitbart H, Naor Z. Protein kinases in mammalian sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Rev Reprod. 1999. 4(3):151-159. doi:10.1530/ror.0.0040151|
Abstract|
Binding to the zona pellucida of an egg stimulates the spermatozoon to undergo the acrosome reaction, a process that enables it to penetrate the egg. Before this binding, the spermatozoon undergoes a series of biochemical transformations in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. |Only capacitated spermatozoa can bind to the zona pellucida and undergo the acrosome reaction. Protein kinases may be involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. The first event in capacitation is the increase in intracellular calcium, bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide, which collectively activate adenylyl cyclase to produce cyclic AMP, which activates protein kinase A to phosphorylate certain proteins. |During capacitation, there is an increase in membrane-bound phospholipase C, and this binding is highly stimulated by the addition of epidermal growth factor to the cells. The capacitated spermatozoon binds to the zona pellucida of the egg via specific receptors and it is suggested that the zona pellucida binds to at least two different receptors in the sperm head plasma membrane. One is a Gi-coupled receptor that can activate phospholipase Cbeta1 and may regulate adenylyl cyclase to further increase cyclic AMP concentrations.|The cyclic AMP activates protein kinase A to open a calcium channel in the outer acrosomal membrane, resulting in a relatively small increase in cytosolic calcium. This increase in Ca2+ leads to activation of phospholipase Cgamma, which is coupled to the second tyrosine kinase receptor. The products of phosphatidyl-inositol bisphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C, diacylglycerol and inositol-trisphosphate, induce the activation of protein kinase C and a calcium channel in the outer acrosomal membrane, respectively. Protein kinase C opens a calcium channel in the plasma membrane and, together with the inositol-trisphosphate-activated calcium channel, leads to a second and higher increase in cytosolic calcium. |In addition, the depletion of calcium in the acrosome activates a capacitative calcium entry mechanism in the plasma membrane, leading to a rapid increase in cytosolic calcium (300-500 nmol l(-1)). This increase in intracellular calcium concentration (and pH) leads to membrane fusion and the acrosome reaction.|
Title
Abstract- Ca 2+ signaling in mammalian spermatozoa
Summary
Comment
Finkelstein M, Etkovitz N, Breitbart H. Ca2+ signaling in mammalian spermatozoa [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 23]. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020,110953. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110953|
Abstract|
Calcium is an essential ion which regulates sperm motility, capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR), three processes necessary for successful fertilization. The AR enables the spermatozoon to penetrate into the egg. In order to undergo the AR, the spermatozoon must reside in the female reproductive tract for several hours, during which a series of biochemical transformations takes place, collectively called capacitation. |
An early event in capacitation is relatively small elevation of intracellular Ca2+ (in the nM range) and bicarbonate, which collectively activate the soluble adenylyl cyclase to produce cyclic-AMP, c-AMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), leading to indirect tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins. |
During capacitation, there is an increase in the membrane-bound phospholipase C (PLC) which is activated prior to the AR by relatively high increase in intracellular Ca2+ (in the uM range). PLC catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to diacylglycerol and inositol-trisphosphate (IP3), leading to activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the IP3-receptor. |
PKC activates a Ca2+- channel in the plasma membrane, and IP3 activates the Ca2+- channel in the outer acrosomal membrane, leading to Ca2+ depletion from the acrosome. As a result, the plasma-membrane store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOCC) is activated to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, enabling completion of the acrosome reaction. The hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLC results in the release and activation of PIP2-bound gelsolin, leading to F-actin dispersion, an essential step prior to the AR. Ca2+ is also involved in the regulation of sperm motility. |
During capacitation, the sperm develops a unique motility pattern called hyper-activated motility (HAM) which is essential for successful fertilization. The main Ca2+-channel that mediates HAM is the sperm-specific CatSper located in the sperm tail.|
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In-line filter for cylinder and house gasses
O2, N2, CO2, and tri-gas. Aire~LifeLine provides in-line air filtration with top of the line protection, delivering a better and more consistent yield of cylinder and house gasses for a wide range of med
Vit Kit - Warm NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the thawing of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Unlike many vitrification kits that feature a mono-buffered system and M199 base med
Vit Kit - Freeze NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the vitrification of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Vit Kit - Freeze NX is the latest advancement in vitrification media aimed t
S-Cryolock is the slimmer version of the original. It is a versatile, simple and efficient vitrification device that is intended for the holding, cryopreservation and storage of oocytes or embryos in liquid nitrogen.
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