Comment:From IVFLite to IVA (In vitro activation), it has been a busy week in IVF. Includes links to new articles by John Eppig and new data suggesting lower birth defects after choosing normal sperm prior to ICSI.
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Low birth defects by deselecting abnormal spermatozoa before ICSI
However, major malformations were significantly lower with IMSI (6/450, 1.33%) versus ICSI (22/578, 3.80%: adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.87, P = 0.014), mainly affecting boys (adjusted odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.24–6.53, P = 0.009). In conclusion, the significantly decreased risk of major birth defects associated with IMSI remained decreased after multivariate adjustment and highlights the beneficial eff
Finasteride use in the male infertility population: effects on semen and hormone parameters
Finasteride, even at low doses, may cause reduced sperm counts in some men. In this population, counts improved dramatically for the majority of men after finasteride discontinuation. The hormone parameters, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were unchanged after cessation. Finasteride should be discontinued in subfertile men with oligospermia, and used with caution in men who desire fertility.
Peering Beneath the Surface: Novel Imaging Strategies to Non-Invasively Select Gametes and Embryos for ART
This review summarizes the existing literature on novel imaging approaches utilized to examine gametes and embryos. Refinement of some of these imaging systems may permit clinical application and serve as a means to offer new, non-invasive selection tools to improve outcomes for various ART procedures.
Impact of Vitrification on the Meiotic Spindle and Components of the Microtubule-Organizing Center in Mouse Mature Oocytes
We found that the configuration of the spindle microtubules dynamically changed during the process of vitrification, and that spindle regeneration was preceded by excessive microtubule polymerization, followed by reduction into the normal size and shape.
Expression and function of cyclooxygenase-2 is necessary for hamster blastocyst hatching
Blastocyst hatching is critical for successful implantation leading to pregnancy. Its failure causes infertility. The phenomenon of blastocyst hatching in humans is poorly understood and the available information on this stems from studies of rodents such as mice and hamsters.
Sperm capacitation: a distant landscape glimpsed but unexplored
We know that some of the major changes involve sterol oxidation and efflux from the plasma membrane, the anterior movement of lipid rafts, changes in the surface expression of a variety of proteins including hyaluronidase and receptors for the zona pellucida, an increase in intracellular cAMP, the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and the expression of hyperactivated motility.
Accumulation of oocytes from a few modified natural cycles to improve IVF results: a pilot study
Conclusions. These data demonstrate that the co-transfer of embryos derived from vitrified oocytes accumulated during the previous modified natural cycles and an embryo developed from the last fresh modified natural cycle assure an excellent clinical outcome with the overall and clinical pregnancy rate significantly higher compared to the repetitive single embryo transfer in a fresh modified natural cycle.
Involvement of androgens in ovarian health and disease
Androgen excess is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and is a key contributor in the exaggerated antral follicle formation, stromal hyperplasia and hypervascularity. Hyperandrogenaemia overrides the follicular-stromal dialogue, resulting in follicular arrest and disturbed ovulation. On the other hand, androgen-deficiency is likely to have a negative impact on fertility as well, and further research is needed to examine the benefits
Growth differentiation factor 9:bone morphogenetic protein 15 heterodimers are potent regulators of ovarian functions
Although genetic studies have uncovered critical functions of GDF9 and BMP15 in female reproduction, many genetic and physiologic data for these ligands remain perplexing. Here we establish that mouse and human GDF9:BMP15 heterodimers are the most biopotent regulators of ovarian granulosa cell functions. Moreover, GDF9:BMP15 heterodimers require a unique signaling complex that includes the type 2 receptor BMPR2, an ALK4/5/7 type 1 kinase receptor
Bidirectional communication between oocytes and ovarian follicular somatic cells is required for meiotic arrest of mammalian oocytes
The fertility of mammalian females depends upon the coordinated development of ovarian follicles and the developing eggs, called oocytes, contained within them. It has been known for many years that the somatic cells of follicles arrest the progression of meiosis in the oocyte until both the follicle and the oocyte are fully developed and ready for ovulation and fertilization. Here we show that, although the somatic compartment of ovarian follicl
The Embryonic Linker Histone H1 Variant of Drosophila, dBigH1, Regulates Zygotic Genome Activation
Histone H1 is an essential chromatin component. Metazoans usually contain multiple stage-specific H1s. In particular, specific variants replace somatic H1s during early embryogenesis. In this regard, Drosophila was an exception because a single dH1 was identified that, starting at cellularization, is detected throughout development in somatic cells. Here, we identify the embryonic H1 of Drosophila, dBigH1. dBigH1 is abundant before cellularizatio
Hippo signaling disruption and Akt stimulation of ovarian follicles for infertility treatment
Human ovaries hold follicles containing oocytes. When follicles mature, they release eggs for fertilization. Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency develop menopausal symptoms at less than 40 y of age. They have few remaining follicles and their only chance for bearing a baby is through egg donation. Kawamura et al. demonstrated that Hippo and Akt signaling pathways regulate follicle growth. Using an in vitro activation approach, they first
Sperm DNA and chromatin integrity in semen samples used for intrauterine insemination
Conclusions: The data indicate that sperm chromatin integrity may be abnormal in men enrolled in IUI treatment cycles, despite the fact that most of these men are normozoospermic.
Connections between preimplantation embryo physiology and culture
The culture of mammalian embryos began about a century ago. However, defined media without biological fluids were only developed in the late 1950s, and the first live young born from cultured embryos, using these media, were produced by McLaren and Biggers in 1958. It wasn’t until the late 1980s, however, that preimplantation mammalian embryos could generally be cultured in vitro from fertilized eggs to blastocysts. These new media led to insight
Egg Growth Induced in Infertile Women, One Gives Birth
Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a way to induce the ovaries of some infertile women to produce eggs.Using the technique, clinicians at the St. Marianna University School of Medicine in Kawasaki, Japan, collected viable eggs from five women with a condition called primary ovarian insufficiency. One of these women has given birth to a healthy baby, and another is pregnant.
IVA [In-Vitro Activation] -Baby born after ovaries ‘reawakened’
Scientists have found a way to beat the menopause by waking up dormant follicles, offering new hope to women who run out of eggs early in life.
The experimental technique has been tested on a group of infertile women who reached the menopause at around the age of 30. Of the 13 treated women, one has given birth to a healthy baby boy while another is said to be pregnant.
Biologists Confirm Role of Sperm Competition in Formation of New Species
Female promiscuity - something that occurs in a majority of species, including humans - results in the ejaculates from two or more males overlapping within her reproductive tract. When this happens, sperm compete for fertilization of the female's eggs. In addition, the female has the opportunity to bias fertilization of her eggs in favor of one male's sperm over others.
How Viral Infection Disrupts Neural Development in Offspring, Increasing Risk of Autism
Activating a mother's immune system during her pregnancy disrupts the development of neural cells in the brain of her offspring and damages the cells' ability to transmit signals and communicate with one another, researchers with the UC Davis Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology have found. They said the finding suggests how maternal viral infection might increase the risk of having a child with autism spectrum disorder or schizop
A team at IRB Barcelona identifies an essential protein for embryonic viability during the first cell divisions in the fly Drosophila. This protein, called dBigH1, which is a variant of histone 1, could also be associated with fertility issues.This function is vital for embryo life because without dBigH1 the genome is switched on too early and the embryos die. The results are published in Developmental Cell, the most important journal of the Cell
Ms Donati said Affordable IVF, which offered a limited IVF treatment not suitable for everyone, relied largely on treatment from nurses and was not able to supply donor eggs or sperm.
The triplets who were a 200 million-to-one chance: Couple beat the odds to give birth to identical set of girls
When Karen Gilbert learned she was pregnant with extremely rare identical triplets, she was stunned and delighted. But, she said, doctors took a different view of her one-in-200million pregnancy and twice gave her an option to terminate it. They feared the three foetuses could take each other’s fluid and space and might not survive.
Finasteride linked with lower sperm counts in some men
The use of finasteride is associated with lower sperm counts in some men, according to results from a prospective database study. - Originally approved to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, finasteride has seen increasing use since its approval in 1997 to treat male-pattern baldness. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not reported any adverse effects of finasteride on male fertility.
In-line filter for cylinder and house gasses
O2, N2, CO2, and tri-gas. Aire~LifeLine provides in-line air filtration with top of the line protection, delivering a better and more consistent yield of cylinder and house gasses for a wide range of med
Vit Kit - Warm NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the thawing of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Unlike many vitrification kits that feature a mono-buffered system and M199 base med
Vit Kit - Freeze NX is an adaptable, cost-effective system for use in the vitrification of oocytes, pronuclear zygotes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocyst stage embryos. Vit Kit - Freeze NX is the latest advancement in vitrification media aimed t
S-Cryolock is the slimmer version of the original. It is a versatile, simple and efficient vitrification device that is intended for the holding, cryopreservation and storage of oocytes or embryos in liquid nitrogen.
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